Circle VI of VII
Enablers of war and occupation
Ministers, officers, judges, administrators and industrial managers whose laws, resources and professional decisions enabled criminal policy.
This circle examines the administrative, military, judicial, economic and logistical systems that sustained occupation and persecution. Inclusion depends on documented agency, not on office or professional title alone.
How the circles work. The seven circles classify a person’s documented place in the chain of decision, coordination, administration and execution. They do not rank suffering, notoriety or numbers of victims. Placement is based on function, formal authority, decision-making power, operational control and proven individual conduct. Roles sometimes overlapped, and a person’s position could change over time; each profile therefore explains the evidence and the limits of attribution.
38 profiles
Profiles are ordered alphabetically by surname. Placement reflects documented function and agency, never a ranking by numbers of victims.
Circle VI of VII
Gustav Abb
head of the Main Administration of Libraries in the General Government
killed in 1945; never triedCircle VI of VII
Otto Ambros
IG Farben board member responsible for Buna/Monowitz and chemical-warfare agent production programmes
convicted in the IG Farben Trial and sentenced to eight years; released in 1951Circle VI of VII
Heinz Auerswald
commissioner for the Jewish residential district in Warsaw
investigated but never tried; died in 1970Circle VI of VII
Franz Böhme
Plenipotentiary Commanding General in occupied Serbia in autumn 1941
indicted in the Hostages Trial but died by suicide in 1947 before trialCircle VI of VII
Friedrich Class
head of the Gdynia branch of Einsatzkommando 16 and the Gestapo
died in December 1945 without trialCircle VI of VII
Max Daume
Order Police officer in Warsaw responsible for repression and hostage executions
executed in 1947Circle VI of VII
Karl Dönitz
commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine and Hitler's successor as head of state
convicted at Nuremberg; served ten years and died in 1980Circle VI of VII
Walther Dürrfeld
technical director and construction manager of the IG Farben works at Auschwitz-Monowitz
convicted in the IG Farben Trial and sentenced to eight years; released early in 1951Circle VI of VII
Kurt Eimann
commander of SS-Wachsturmbann Eimann during executions in Pomerania
sentenced in West Germany to four years' imprisonment and served approximately two yearsCircle VI of VII
Karl Essig
head of the Security Police and SD post in Kielce
tried in West Germany in cases concerning Kielce crimes and acquitted in one proceeding; no comprehensive reckoningCircle VI of VII
Roland Freisler
president of the People's Court and a leading architect of Nazi judicial terror
killed in an air raid in February 1945 and never triedCircle VI of VII
Wilhelm Frick
Reich Minister of the Interior and later Reich Protector of Bohemia and Moravia
convicted at Nuremberg and executed in 1946Circle VI of VII
Günter Fuchs
head of Section II B of the Łódź Gestapo, responsible for Jewish affairs
life sentence in 1963Circle VI of VII
Walther Funk
Reich Economics Minister and president of the Reichsbank
sentenced to life imprisonment; released in 1957 and died in 1960Circle VI of VII
Alfred Jodl
chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command
convicted at Nuremberg and executed in 1946Circle VI of VII
Wilhelm Keitel
chief of the Armed Forces High Command
convicted at Nuremberg and executed in 1946Circle VI of VII
Franz Konrad
head of the Werterfassung property-seizure apparatus in the Warsaw ghetto
executed in 1952Circle VI of VII
Carl Krauch
chairman of IG Farben's supervisory board and plenipotentiary for chemical production under the Four Year Plan
convicted in the IG Farben Trial and sentenced to six years; released early in 1950Circle VI of VII
Alfried Krupp
sole owner and head of the Krupp industrial group from 1943
sentenced to twelve years in the Krupp Trial; released and his property restored in 1951Circle VI of VII
Hans Lammers
head of the Reich Chancellery and Hitler's senior legal-administrative intermediary
convicted in the Ministries Trial; released early and died in 1962Circle VI of VII
Jakob Lölgen
commander of an Einsatzkommando 16 detachment in Bydgoszcz
acquitted in 1966Circle VI of VII
Erich von Manstein
field marshal; commander of the Eleventh Army and later army groups on the eastern front
convicted by a British military court in 1949; released early in 1953Circle VI of VII
Gerulf Mayer
commander of Gendarmerie-Hauptmannschaft Kielce
sentenced in Graz in 1969 to eleven years for murders and participation in the Skałka Polska pacificationCircle VI of VII
Bruno Müller
commander of Einsatzkommando 2/I and Security Police and SD commander in Kraków
interned and questioned after the war but not convicted for Sonderaktion KrakauCircle VI of VII
Horst Neubauer
judge of the German Special Court in Łódź
not convicted after the war for judgments delivered in occupied ŁódźCircle VI of VII
Peter Paulsen
SS archaeologist and commander of Sonderkommando Paulsen
not convicted for Sonderkommando Paulsen's activity and continued an academic career after the warCircle VI of VII
Walter Pelzhausen
commandant of the Radogoszcz police prison in Łódź
executed in 1948Circle VI of VII
Walter von Reichenau
commander of the Sixth Army and author of the criminal Severity Order
died on active service in January 1942 and was never triedCircle VI of VII
Oswald Rothaug
presiding judge of the Nuremberg Special Court and later Reich prosecutor at the People's Court
sentenced to life imprisonment in the Judges' Trial; released in 1956Circle VI of VII
Franz Schlegelberger
state secretary and acting Reich minister of justice
life sentence; released in 1951Circle VI of VII
Alfred Spilker
commander of Sonderkommando Spilker in Warsaw
died in 1945; never triedCircle VI of VII
Bruno Tesch
co-owner and managing director of a principal distributor of Zyklon B
convicted by a British military court in the Zyklon B case and executed in 1946Circle VI of VII
Otto Georg Thierack
Reich Minister of Justice and former president of the People's Court
not tried; died by suicide in Allied custody in 1946Circle VI of VII
Werner Ventzki
lord mayor of occupied Łódź and an official of the Wartheland administration
never tried; continued an administrative career in West GermanyCircle VI of VII
Joachim von Ribbentrop
Reich Foreign Minister and diplomatic agent of German expansion
convicted at Nuremberg and executed in 1946Circle VI of VII
Baldur von Schirach
Reich Youth Leader and later Gauleiter and Reich Governor of Vienna
convicted at Nuremberg; served twenty years and died in 1974Circle VI of VII
Erwin Wester
presiding judge of the German Special Court in Stanislau
extradited to Poland and indicted, but died in prison in July 1948 before trialCircle VI of VII
Hermann Worthoff
head of the Jewish affairs section of the Lublin Gestapo and commander of a liquidation unit
sentenced to eight years in 1975