NRNazi ReportSeven Circles of Responsibility

206 events · 161 fixed dates · 1 movable anniversary

Second World War Calendar of Remembrance

We selected dates that help us remember the path from the Nazi seizure of power, through occupation, persecution, the Holocaust and other crimes, to resistance, liberation, trials and contemporary forms of remembrance. The calendar does not establish a hierarchy of suffering; it organises material for year-round educational work.

How to use the calendar: Choose a month or a specific date. Each entry provides context, explains the anniversary's significance, cites an institutional source and links to relevant profiles when the connection is direct.

Calendar status:

Next anniversary

Next date: Tuesday, 15 September 2026. The calendar marks 1 anniversary on that date.

  1. 15 September · 1935Nuremberg LawsThe Nuremberg Laws deprive Jews of full citizenship rights and define them according to racist criteria.Read the full entry →

January

  1. Four women prisoners executed for helping to prepare the Sonderkommando revolt1945
  2. Winter offensive and the acceleration of camp evacuations1945
  3. UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide1951
  4. Mass deportations from the Łódź ghetto to Chełmno begin1942
  5. Death marches from the Auschwitz complex1945
  6. The Wannsee Conference and the administrative coordination of the Holocaust1942
  7. Establishment of the War Refugee Board1944
  8. Death march of prisoners from Stutthof concentration camp1945
  9. Liberation of Auschwitz and International Holocaust Remembrance Day1945 / since 2005
  10. Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany1933
  11. Hitler threatens the destruction of Europe's Jews1939

February

  1. German forces surrender at Stalingrad1943
  2. The Yalta Conference begins1945
  3. Establishment of the Łódź ghetto1940
  4. The unsuccessful Wagner–Rogers refugee children bill1939
  5. Liberation of Gross-Rosen concentration camp1945
  6. Family camp for Roma and Sinti established at Birkenau1943
  7. Reichstag Fire Decree and the suspension of rights1933
  8. Mordka Cytryn's attempted escape from Auschwitz1944

March

  1. Auschwitz II-Birkenau begins operating1942
  2. Establishment of the Kraków ghetto1941
  3. German troops enter the Rhineland1936
  4. Capture of the Remagen bridge and crossing of the Rhine1945
  5. Order requiring the yellow Star of David in Slovakia1942
  6. 11–13 MarchGerman annexation of Austria (the Anschluss)1938
  7. 13–14 MarchLiquidation of the Kraków ghetto1943
  8. Restoration of universal military conscription in the Third Reich1935
  9. Beginning of systematic murder under Operation Reinhard1942
  10. German occupation of Hungary1944
  11. First prisoners at Dachau1933
  12. 22 March–25 JuneCommissioning of crematoria with gas chambers at Birkenau1943
  13. Murder of the Ulma family and the Jews they were hiding1944 / since 2018
  14. First large transport of women to Auschwitz1942
  15. Beginning of deportations of Jews from Drancy to Auschwitz1942
  16. Beginning of the German AB-Aktion1940

April

  1. Nationwide boycott of Jewish businesses in Germany1933
  2. Ban on the organisation of Jehovah's Witnesses1935
  3. Liberation of the Ohrdruf camp1945
  4. German attack on Yugoslavia and Greece1941
  5. Removal of Jews and political opponents from the civil service1933
  6. Escape of Rudolf Vrba and Alfred Wetzler from Auschwitz1944
  7. German attack on Denmark and Norway1940
  8. Prisoners take control before US troops enter Buchenwald1945
  9. Beginning of Adolf Eichmann's trial in Jerusalem1961
  10. Liberation of the Westerbork transit camp1945
  11. Liberation of Bergen-Belsen1945
  12. Beginning of the final offensive on Berlin1945
  13. 19 April–16 MayWarsaw Ghetto Uprising1943
  14. Forced evacuation on foot of Sachsenhausen prisoners1945
  15. Liberation of Flossenbürg concentration camp1945
  16. Restrictions on Jewish pupils' and students' access to schools1933
  17. American and Soviet forces meet on the Elbe1945
  18. Horace Rumbold's warning about Hitler's plans1933
  19. night of 26–27 AprilEscape of Witold Pilecki, Jan Redzej and Edward Ciesielski from Auschwitz1943
  20. Liberation of Dachau concentration camp1945
  21. Hitler's suicide and the collapse of the regime1945
  22. Red Army reaches Ravensbrück concentration camp1945

May

  1. First selection at Birkenau1942
  2. 4–5 MayLiberation of the Gunskirchen camp1945
  3. 7–8 MayGermany's surrender signed in Reims1945
  4. Second instrument of Germany's surrender signed in Berlin1945
  5. Public book burnings in Germany1933
  6. German attack on Western Europe and a new British prime minister1940
  7. Voyage of the St. Louis and the refusal of safe refuge1939
  8. 15 May–9 JulyMass deportations of Jews from Hungary to Auschwitz1944
  9. Destruction of the Great Synagogue and declaration that the uprising had been suppressed1943
  10. Opening of the railway ramp inside Birkenau1944
  11. Operation Anthropoid and the attack on Reinhard Heydrich1942
  12. Hungary's first comprehensive anti-Jewish law1938

June

  1. Execution of Adolf Eichmann's death sentence1962
  2. Wilhelm Frick's decree targeting Roma and Sinti1936
  3. First transport of Czech political prisoners to Auschwitz1941
  4. Allied landings in Normandy1944
  5. 9–10 JuneDestruction of Lidice in a German reprisal1942
  6. Revolt of the penal company at Birkenau1942
  7. Birth of Anne Frank1929
  8. First transport of Polish political prisoners to Auschwitz1940 / remembrance day
  9. 18–22 JunePublication of the Vrba–Wetzler report on Auschwitz1944
  10. Expulsion of residents from the area around Auschwitz1940
  11. 20–21 JuneLargest AB-Aktion execution at Palmiry1940
  12. Operation Barbarossa and the beginning of mass executions in the East1941
  13. Beginning of Operation Bagration1944
  14. Fighting during the liquidation of the Częstochowa ghetto1943
  15. Tightening of Paragraph 1751935
  16. German offensive towards Stalingrad1942
  17. Night of the Long Knives and the purge of the SA leadership1934

July

  1. Establishment of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum1947
  2. Kielce pogrom1946
  3. Beginning of the Battle of Kursk1943
  4. Évian Conference on the refugee crisis1938
  5. First prisoner escape from Auschwitz1940
  6. Mass murder at the Seventh Fort near Kaunas1941
  7. Raoul Wallenberg begins protective action in Budapest1944
  8. Beginning of the Battle of Britain1940
  9. 10–12 JulyLiquidation of the Theresienstadt family camp at Birkenau1944
  10. 12–13 JulyPacification of Michniów and the Day of Struggle and Martyrdom of Polish Villages1943 / remembrance day
  11. Compulsory sterilization law1933
  12. First prisoners at Buchenwald concentration camp1937
  13. Systematic deportations of Jews from the occupied Netherlands1942
  14. Internment of Berlin's Roma and Sinti in the Marzahn camp1936
  15. Largest public execution at Auschwitz1943
  16. Failed attempt to assassinate Hitler at the Wolf's Lair1944
  17. 22 July–21 SeptemberGrossaktion deportations from the Warsaw ghetto1942
  18. Beginning of mass gassing at Treblinka II1942
  19. Liberation of Lublin-Majdanek concentration camp1944
  20. Breakthrough on the Normandy front1944
  21. Establishment of the Białystok ghetto1941
  22. Edward Schulte conveys information about Auschwitz to the Allies1942

August

  1. Berlin Olympics as a cover for the Nazi regime1936
  2. 1 August–2 OctoberOutbreak of the Warsaw Uprising1944
  3. Hitler assumes full power as Führer1934
  4. Treblinka prisoner revolt1943
  5. 2–3 AugustLiquidation of the Roma and Sinti family camp at Birkenau1944 / remembrance day
  6. Bishop von Galen's public protest against the murder programme1941
  7. 5–7 AugustWola massacre1944
  8. Beginning of the final liquidation of the Łódź ghetto1944
  9. Deportation to Auschwitz of Poles arrested after the Warsaw Uprising began1944
  10. Death of Maximilian Maria Kolbe at Auschwitz1941
  11. Announcement of the Atlantic Charter1941
  12. Sealing of the Kaunas ghetto1941
  13. Allied landings in southern France1944
  14. 16–20 AugustBiałystok Ghetto Uprising1943
  15. Compulsory names Israel and Sara1938
  16. Order to report children with disabilities1939
  17. Plebiscite sanctions Hitler's dictatorship1934
  18. Establishment of the Drancy camp1941
  19. Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and the division into spheres of influence1939 / remembrance day
  20. Formal suspension of the T4 programme does not end the killings1941
  21. Liberation of Paris1944
  22. 26–28 AugustMassacre near Kamianets-Podilskyi1941
  23. Death of Raphael Lemkin, who coined the term genocide1959

September

  1. German invasion of Poland1939
  2. War as cover for the programme to murder people with disabilities1939
  3. Compulsory badge for Jews1941
  4. United Kingdom and France declare war on Germany1939
  5. First mass murder with Zyklon B at Auschwitz1941
  6. Death penalty for helping Jews from the Warsaw ghetto1942
  7. Beginning of the Blitz1940
  8. Italy's surrender and German occupation of the north1943
  9. So-called family camp for Jews from Theresienstadt at Birkenau1943
  10. Nuremberg Laws1935
  11. Soviet invasion of Poland1939
  12. Capture of Kyiv before the Babyn Yar massacre1941
  13. 20 September–OctoberEscape of Danish Jews to Sweden1943
  14. End of the main phase of deportations from the Warsaw ghetto1942
  15. Liquidation of the Vilnius ghetto1943
  16. Munich Agreement and the loss of the Sudetenland1938
  17. 29–30 SeptemberBabyn Yar massacre1941

October

  1. Mass operation to rescue Danish Jews1943
  2. Judgements of the International Military Tribunal1946
  3. Editors Law excludes people deemed “non-Aryan”1933
  4. Letter “J” in the passports of German Jews1938
  5. Sonderkommando revolt at Auschwitz-Birkenau1944
  6. Establishment of the ghetto in Piotrków Trybunalski1939
  7. Sobibór uprising1943
  8. Beginning of deportations of Jews from Central Europe to the occupied East1941
  9. Death penalty for helping Jews in the General Government1941
  10. Execution of those convicted at the Nuremberg trial1946
  11. 18 October–11 NovemberMoscow Declaration on responsibility for German crimes1943
  12. 21–23 OctoberExtermination of the last Jews from the Minsk ghetto1943
  13. Beginning of the round-ups of Norwegian Jews1942
  14. So-called Great Action in Kaunas1941
  15. From the IG Farben factory to Auschwitz III-Monowitz1942

November

  1. Beginning of construction of the Bełżec extermination camp1941
  2. Liquidation of the Riga ghetto1943
  3. Execution in the Piaśnica forests on 3 November 19391939
  4. Aktion Erntefest1943
  5. Sonderaktion Krakau1939
  6. Liberation of Kyiv from German occupation1943
  7. Mass murder of Jews from the Minsk ghetto at Tuchinka1941
  8. Antisemitic exhibition Der Ewige Jude1937
  9. 9–10 NovemberNovember pogrom (“Kristallnacht”)1938
  10. Execution at Piaśnica on 11 November 19391939
  11. First execution at the Death Wall in Auschwitz1941
  12. Exclusion of Jews from German economic life1938
  13. Sealing of the Warsaw ghetto1940
  14. Beginning of the main Nuremberg trial1945
  15. First execution by shooting at Auschwitz1940
  16. Encirclement of the German 6th Army at Stalingrad1942
  17. Allies reach Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp1944
  18. Law against “dangerous habitual criminals”1933
  19. First prisoners in the Theresienstadt ghetto1941
  20. 24 November–16 DecemberBeginning of the first Auschwitz trial1947
  21. Explosion aboard the Patria in Haifa1940
  22. Order to demolish Birkenau's gas chambers and crematoria1944
  23. 30 November; 8–9 DecemberTwo waves of mass executions at Rumbula1941

December

  1. First Kindertransport reaches the United Kingdom1938
  2. Buna becomes Auschwitz III-Monowitz concentration camp1943
  3. Establishment of the Żegota Council to Aid Jews1942
  4. Soviet counteroffensive near Moscow1941
  5. Attack on Pearl Harbor and United States entry into the war1941
  6. Escalation of racist persecution of Roma and Sinti1938
  7. Beginning of mass murder with gas at Chełmno nad Nerem1941
  8. 8–9 DecemberSecond wave of executions at Rumbula1941
  9. Beginning of the Doctors' Trial in Nuremberg1946–1947
  10. Germany and Italy declare war on the United States1941
  11. Dismantling of the gas chamber at Hartheim1944
  12. First transport to Auschwitz of people expelled from the Zamość region1942
  13. Death sentence for Adolf Eichmann1961
  14. Order to deport Roma and Sinti to Auschwitz1942
  15. Beginning of the German offensive in the Ardennes1944
  16. Allies confirm the mass extermination of European Jews1942
  17. Law No. 10 and further war crimes trials1945
  18. Judgement in the first Auschwitz trial1947
  19. Wawer massacre1939

Movable anniversary

This anniversary does not fall on the same Gregorian date every year. Its date is determined annually according to the rule below.

In 2026: Tuesday, 14 April 2026

Calendar rule: Yom HaShoah falls on 27 Nisan. When the date falls on a Friday, official commemorations in Israel take place on the preceding Thursday; when it falls on a Sunday, they take place on the following Monday.

Verified Gregorian dates

27 Nisan (variable Gregorian date)annuallyRemembranceIsrael / diaspora / world

Yom HaShoah — Holocaust and Heroism Remembrance Day

Yom HaShoah is Holocaust and Heroism Remembrance Day, symbolically connected with the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

The observance falls on 27 Nisan and is symbolically connected with the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, so its Gregorian date changes each year according to the official rule.

The movable anniversary connects remembrance of the victims of the Holocaust with remembrance of Jewish resistance.

Institutional source: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

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