English source-aligned edition
Josef Scheungraber
Josef Scheungraber served as Wehrmacht company commander at Falzano di Cortona. The profile reconstructs the person’s function in Tuscany in occupied Italy through documented office, decisions, supervision or operational conduct. It does not assign every crime committed by an institution or region to one individual.
Confirmed findings
- Born on 8 September 1918 in Munich, he was a Wehrmacht officer and commanded a mountain-engineer company. (Source: Munich Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism, Josef Scheungraber entry, lines 55–78; Source: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Munich Regional Court I judgment of 11 August 2009, pp. 97–150)
- After two soldiers were killed, he ordered retaliation at Falzano: civilians were confined in a building that was then blown up. (Source: Munich Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism, Josef Scheungraber entry, lines 55–78; Source: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Munich Regional Court I judgment of 11 August 2009, pp. 97–150)
- The German court convicted him of ten murders; fourteen uninvolved civilians died in the retaliation as a whole. (Source: Munich Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism, Josef Scheungraber entry, lines 55–78; Source: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Munich Regional Court I judgment of 11 August 2009, pp. 97–150)
Place in the chain of responsibility
His responsibility is based on command and the giving of an order, and the account follows judicial findings about the specific Falzano reprisal. (Source: Munich Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism, Josef Scheungraber entry, lines 55–78; Source: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Munich Regional Court I judgment of 11 August 2009, pp. 97–150)
Key events and mechanisms
- The retaliation and killings at Falzano occurred on 26 June 1944. (Source: Munich Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism, Josef Scheungraber entry, lines 55–78; Source: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Munich Regional Court I judgment of 11 August 2009, pp. 97–150)
- A Munich court sentenced him to life imprisonment on 11 August 2009. (Source: Munich Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism, Josef Scheungraber entry, lines 55–78; Source: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Munich Regional Court I judgment of 11 August 2009, pp. 97–150)
- The German judgment became final in 2010. (Source: Munich Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism, Josef Scheungraber entry, lines 55–78; Source: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Munich Regional Court I judgment of 11 August 2009, pp. 97–150)
The circle records authority, function and agency. Several profiles may describe different parts of the same persecution chain, so profile-level totals must not be added together.
Postwar accountability
An Italian court sentenced him in absentia to life imprisonment in 2006. In 2009 a Munich court imposed life imprisonment for ten murders, and the judgment was upheld in 2010; he did not enter prison because he was unfit to serve the sentence. (Source: Munich Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism, Josef Scheungraber entry, lines 55–78; Source: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Munich Regional Court I judgment of 11 August 2009, pp. 97–150)
Limits of the evidence
The profile does not attribute every crime of his unit or a separate overall victim total beyond the judicial findings concerning Falzano. No portrait was selected without verified reuse rights. (Source: Munich Documentation Center for the History of National Socialism, Josef Scheungraber entry, lines 55–78; Source: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen, Munich Regional Court I judgment of 11 August 2009, pp. 97–150)
Sources
The source set combines institutional, archival, trial or scholarly material from at least two independent publishers.